Representation: How Have the Youth of Today Been Portrayed in Documentaries Essay

The youth of today are viewed as being an uncontrollable generation; events such as the London Riots have created a shift of perspective of youths in the United Kingdom. This uncontrollable generation is depicted through social issues such as binge drinking, drugs, smoking; as well as violence and unemployment. Most of the representations in the media today are exaggerated to an extent for entertainment purposes; such as documentaries, news and reality television shows. I will be looking into documentaries to view how the youth of today are being portrayed whether it is positive or negative and if it conforms to cultural stereotypes of society. The image of teenagers has changed over the many years with Stanley Cohen’s Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of Mods and Rocker (1972); has led the innovative discussion on the constantly growing image of the teenager. He used moral panics to describe the emergence of individuals or groups to become defined ‘as a threat to societal values and interests’ [1]. His book has been evolutionary to the perspective of teenagers and his inspection of youth gangs; most notably the ‘Mods and Rockers’. This links to the London riots of 2011 that had shook the nation, the tension between gangs and the police grew resulting into chaos. Such a social issue is viewed as a taboo of the current era and the media took a pivotal role to generate facts and spread anxiety and fear; thus creating a Moral Panic in the UK. The first documentary that I will be analysing is Channel 4’s documentary ‘Educating Essex’. The Passmores School in Harlow, Essex, is a successful school in a challenging area. The documentary exposes what life is really like for today’s students and teachers. The school had been rigged with 65 fixed cameras – from the corridors to the canteen, and from the head teacher’s office to the detention hall – to reveal every detail of daily life. The first programme of the series joins the deputy head at Passmores School in Essex and sees how he deals with emotional teenagers. The depiction of teenagers in this documentary varies and the audience views a lot of head on confrontation between students and teachers. The young adults in this documentary are all shown to be underachievers who hassle teachers, and cause problems within the classroom. The portrayal of teenagers in the series is progressively negative, due to their constant confrontations with teachers and their actions in lesson. The dress code of the adolescence in this documentary is disordered. This is shown to the public to allow viewing what teenagers look like at school and the deteriorating education system. The documentary also displays the binary oppositions between the student and teacher, and soon it becomes the centre of attention of the documentary. Channel 4’s documentary making is heavily edited (also mediated) and shows only the points of commotion throughout the day at the secondary school. The target audience is identified through the documentaries use of colloquial language. The target audience is teenagers and young adults/ parent with the ages ranging from 14- 24 years. Most will watch as to identify with the students, but some may watch for information. The media plays a key role in the representation of teenagers as well as influencing their young minds. In the research paper: The Influence of Media Violence on Youth; ‘violent television and films, video games, and music reveal unequivocal evidence that media violence increases the likelihood of aggressive and violent behaviour in both immediate and long-term contexts’[2]. The research paper goes on to describe how reality television, gaming and music are leaders in the influence of youngsters minds. In Dr Kate Orton-Johnsons talk on Youth Culture, Media and Society she describes how ‘Mass media plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion about youth culture and the various forms of social practices that young people engage in’ [3]. Albert Bandura’s: Bobo-Doll Experiment highlighted the role of social imitation of aggression. Thus, the more you are exposed to violence the more you are prone to repeat the same acts that you as the individual have witnessed [4]. The second documentary I will be analysing is Ross Kemp on Gangs: Liverpool where he visits Liverpool to investigate the infamous postcode L11 gangs. The murder of an 11-year-old boy in a Liverpool suburb alerted the country to the city’s escalating gang culture. Rhys Jones was an innocent bystander caught in the crossfire of gang war. Ross Kemp goes in search of the youth gangs said to be causing mayhem on Liverpool’s streets and asks whether this area is becoming a reputation of a hub of gun and gang crime. Ross Kemps documentary style is investigative and it involves one of ‘the six types of modes of documentary’ [5] that Bill Nicholas identified. This documentary in particular involves the participatory mode of documentation in which the film maker is directly involved with the subject, while all events are recorded. The youngsters in this documentary are portrayed as being violent, ignorant and unemployed. This conforms to the cultural stereotypes of the ‘teenager’. The guardian newspaper wrote an article on the cultural stereotypes that young adults face and tries to show the two ends of the spectrum. The article allows youngsters to have an input to the stereotypes that they face and express their view on the issue at hand. ‘It doesn’t matter how you look, speak or dress, the only criterion required is whether you’re a young person’ [6]. The newspaper highlights a binary opposition between youths and adults. Ross Kemps approach to the youngsters in this documentary appears to be welcoming. As he interviews them he climaxes the fact that young men from deprived, and that neglected areas are failed by the state and thus, these youngsters resort to violence, drugs and overall suffer from unemployment as a consequence. These young adults are not only failed by the state but also on behalf of the education system and their parent. This documentary is revealed to be somewhat sympathetic towards the youth of today reiterating the fact that youngsters are victims of the adult world.

Minorities at War Essay

Many people’s lives changed in various ways during and after the World War II. The lives of women and minorities such as African Americans and Native Americans, changed drastically mostly in a positive way. Just like during most wars, women found jobs and opportunities. This was mainly because men and husbands went to work in industries and factories in different parts of the country while others went to war as soldiers. With reduction in the male taskforce, young girls and married women had to take up responsibilities and jobs that were traditionally considered to be for men (Mays 17). Unlike the First World War, where women served as secretaries and nurses, in the Second World War they were placed in more skilled jobs such as: research, electronics, engineering and mechanics (Mays 17). The Women’s Army Corps was created in 1942, which enabled women to participate in combat fields as pilots and other support personnel but not in direct combat. The war served as a major platform for women in society, women started being viewed as useful in various fields and not just as caregivers. The opportunity to take part in jobs that were traditionally considered for men also empowered women psychologically (Mays 17). The fight for equality for all citizens began after the civil war where President Lincoln freed the slaves. The Select Service Act was passed in 1940, allowing Hispanics, Native-Americans and African-Americans to enroll to all the branches of the army. The war offered opportunities for many African Americans to escape poverty in their rural homes (Reinhardt and Ganzel). Many blacks enlisted in the army trying to escape a long period of tenant farming and Depression in the Midwest and South. The army recruited Negroes but still practiced segregation (Reinhardt and Ganzel). In the chaos of war, especially after Pearl Harbor, the army had to work together and segregation was broken. After the war, many blacks opted to remain in towns and do work related to what they did in the army instead of going back to their rural homes (Reinhardt and Ganzel). Movements for fighting for civil rights had been created. The post-war era, was a period of exceptional struggle by the African Americans against the second class citizenship that had been accorded to them. They resisted racial discrimination and segregation through nationwide protests, boycotts, rallies and civil disobedience (Reinhardt and Ganzel). Many blacks joined civil rights movements and legal efforts were made to challenge segregation and inequality through courts. These efforts were rewarded with the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1964 which outlawed racism and segregation. In 1965, the Voting Rights Act was also passed allowing all races to vote. The passing of these acts was a great step in the demise of second class citizenship (Reinhardt and Ganzel). The struggle by the blacks to achieve equality inspired and influenced other civil rights groups as well such as Native–Americans and Hispanics. The war as witnessed was a great turning point for both women and minorities in America. They were all empowered by the situations created by the war to improve their status in society and fight for their rights. Work Cited: Mays, Dorothy A. Women in early America: struggle, survival, and freedom in a new world. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO Inc. Publishers, 2004. Reinhardt, Claudia and Ganzel, Bill. â€Å"Civil Rights for Minorities†. Wesley Living History Farm. 26 August 2010 from: http://www. livinghistoryfarm. org/farminginthe40s/life_18. html

Managing and Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Essay

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder in which the body’s capacity to make use of glucose, fat and protein is disturbed due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. It is a hormone secreted from pancreas that helps glucose from food to enter the body’s cells where it is transformed into energy required by muscles and tissues to function. Diabetes is caused either because the pancreas does not secrete adequate insulin, or because cells do not react to the insulin that is produced. Due to this reason, an individual with diabetes does not take up glucose appropriately and glucose continues circulating in the blood (hyperglycaemia) harming tissues over time. This damage leads to acute health complications. The classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus are, Polyuria ,Polydipsia ,Polyphagia ,lethargy and weight loss. There are many causes for high blood glucose levels in the body and so a number of types of diabetes exist. Diabetes mellitus occur throughout the world. Based on the study conducted by IDF, the number of diabetics on earth stands at 365 million nearly 8. 5% of the global population. It is more widespread in the more developed countries. The greatest raise in incidence is, however, expected to happen in Africa and Asia, where majority of the diabetes patients will most likely be found by 2030. Diabetes mellitus is categorised into four broad groups: Type 1, Type 2, Gestational diabetes & â€Å"other specific types†. Scientists in US have found a Type 3 diabetes, it is still continuing further study. Type 1 diabetes is absolute insulin deficiency usually affects children and young adults. Type 2 Diabetes is an insidious progressive disease that is often diagnosed late when complication are present. Dunning (2004) described it as a long term complication with neuropathy, cardiovascular disease and retinopathy. It is a universal metabolic disorder affecting more than 2 million people in the United Kingdom and up to 750,000 more are expected to have it without knowing they do. Studies conducted show that 80% of population affected by diabetes live in developing and underdeveloped countries and the majority of people with diabetes is between 40 to 59 years of age. It is also estimated that 183 million people (50%) with diabetes are undiagnosed. It is noticed that Diabetes caused 4. million deaths in 2011 and caused sharp increase in medical expenditure. I am a staff nurse working in the cardiac ward and we often receive patients with cardiac problems as a long term complication of type 2 diabetes. Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of hospital admission and mortality in people with diabetes. Most of them are not diagnosed until they are admitted. During the course of this study the medical history and care and treatment provided to a patient named Mr M Davies who was admitted in my ward is chosen to learn about managing and reducing cardiovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes. In 1998 UKPDS pointed out the importance of reducing lipids blood pressure and blood Glucose to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension leads to thicker, less elastic blood vessel walls and increase the strain on the heart. Studies indicated that there is a linear correlation between the diastolic blood pressure and the eventual outcome of type 2 diabetes. Standl & Schnell (2000) pointed out that as a result of ischemia-induced remodelling subtle changes occur in the heart and the effects of hyperglycaemia on the endothelium of large blood vessels that causes heart to failure. Mr M Davies (Mr.  MD) is a 61-year-old pensioner with a 4 years history of type 2 diabetes. He was diagnosed in 2008 and he had symptoms of hyperglycaemia for 2 years before diagnosis. His fasting blood glucose records indicated values of 6–7 mmol/L, which were explained to him as symptomatic of â€Å"borderline diabetes. † During the preliminary diagnosis, he was advised to reduce weight (â€Å"at least 10 lb. †), but no further action was taken. Other medical problems include obesity and hypertension. He was admitted in the ward with recurrent chest pain. (Appendix 1) This assignment is about managing and reducing cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heart disease is well acknowledged as a chronic problem of diabetes, and is the major reason of morbidity and mortality in patients from middle-age onwards. Type 2 diabetes is associated at the onset with risk factors for heart disease such as hypertension and obesity, raising the question of whether diabetes is the independent risk factor for heart disease. In 2001 Morrish et al pointed out that the majority of cardiovascular deaths are specifically due to heart disease and this is supported by Fisher, Miles, (2008) commenting that heart disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality at young as well as older ages. Butler (1997) said that increased life expectancy has led to an increase in the number of people over 65 years of in both the developed and developing worlds. Marso (2003) pointed out that due to the clear association between age and the development diabetes, this increase in the number of older individuals in the population will inevitably contribute to the increased prevalence of diabetes. Watkins (2008) mentioned that Type 2 diabetes is a disease of relative prosperity, prosperity leads to overweight and physical indolence. Insulin resistance, increasing with obesity, associated with progressive failure of insulin secretion in relation to ageing underlies the development of diabetes. It is anticipated that by 2025 the number of people with type 2 diabetes will be around 380 million and people with impaired glucose tolerance will be around 418 million. Diabetes is the foremost global cause of premature mortality that is broadly underestimated, because only a few among the diabetic patients die from reasons uniquely related to the condition. Nearly one half of type 2 diabetes patients die prematurely of a cardiovascular reason and approximately 10% die of renal failure. Diabetes is a condition that required to be managed every day. The management of Diabetes can refer to dealing with short term measures like high and low blood sugar to regulating it over the long term for instance by attaining to grips with knowing the condition. All patients with Type 2 diabetes require active dietary management throughout their disease. Watkins (2008) pointed out that weight loss in the obese is extremely valuable but is separate from dietary manipulations to control blood glucose. Treatment typically includes diet control, exercise, monitoring blood sugar at home, and in some cases, oral medication and/or taking insulin. Based on the type diabetes medicines are classified into different groups and each category of diabetes pills functions differently. Commonly used medicines to control diabetes are Sulfonylureas, Thiazolidinediones, Biguanides, Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, Meglitinides and, Dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Sulfonylureas reduce blood sugar by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin. Sulfonylureas medicines like Glimeperide, Gliclazide,. Biguanides improve insulin’s capacity to transfer sugar into cells particularly into the muscle cells. They also stop the liver from releasing stored sugar. Biguanides are not advised to be used in people who have heart failure or kidney damage. Biguanides medicines such as Metformin. Thiazolidinediones like Pioglitazone and Rosiglitazone enhances effectiveness of insulin in muscle and in fat tissue. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, such as Precose (acarbose) and Glyset (miglitol) prevent enzymes that help digest starches, reducing the rise in blood sugar. These medicines may cause diarrhea or gas. They can decrease hemoglobin A1c by 0. 5%-1%. Meglitinides, like Prandin (repaglinide) and Starlix (nateglinide) reduces blood sugar level by stimulating the pancreas to secreate more insulin. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, such as Januvia (sitagliptin), Onglyza (saxagliptin), and Tradjenta (linagliptin) lowers blood sugar level in patients with type 2 diabetes by accelerating insulin secretion from the pancreas and lowering sugar production. The case history of Mr. MD indicated that he was advised to manage blood sugar level by diet control and regular exercise. It was also advised to take metformin 1000mg twice a day when diet and exercise are not enough to manage blood sugar level. The history showed that Mr. MD was non-compliance with any of these. On admission his random blood sugar was 20 mmol/L. As he was unable to tolerate oral intake due to nausea and chest pain, GKI was commenced for a day to control his blood sugar. On second day his blood sugar level was controlled and he started eating and drinking normally. Mr MD was referred to diabetic specialist nurse and dietician . Diabetic specialist nurse advised to stop GKI and advised to start OHA. Mr. MD commenced on metformin 1000mg three times a day (Learning outcome 1). Metformin has long been accepted as a appropriate first-line choice of oral medicine for Type 2 diabetes as it is the only oral hypoglycaemic agent related with no weight gain or even weight reduction. They decrease hepatic gluconeogenesis, boost peripheral glucose uptake and also lower the absorption of carbohydrate from the gut lumen. Because metformin functions on insulin sensitivity and with only endogenous glucose stimulated insulin secretion, it virtually never causes hypoglycaemia on its own and patients using it with diet and exercise do not need routinely to self-monitor blood glucose. The UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS, 2002) demonstrated a significant survival advantage for Type 2 patients started on metformin as first-line therapy, with less cardiovascular mortality, although it should be noted that they only used the drug in obese patients. Obesity is a worldwide problem. Barnett (2009) pointed out that obesity and overweight are independent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Various studies reveal that obesity is a major cardiovascular disease risk factor across world’s populations. Risk of morbidity and mortality begins to increase at body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m 2 and the risk raises sharply at BMI >30 kg/m 2. Each kilogram of weight put on from the age of 18 years was linked with 3. 1% higher risk of cardiovascular disease. In 1998 Gunnell observed that over weight in adolescence is a forecaster of these dangers in adulthood . These finding were supported by Must in 1992,who explained that this increased risk extends to overweight children and adolescents, who may be at risk of premature cardiovascular morbidity and death. The mechanism by which obesity causes increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is attributed to associated co-morbidities and risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. The co-occurrence of some or all of these risk factors along with obesity is termed the cardiometabolic syndrome. On examination it was noticed that Mr.  MD has a high BMI (30. 9). West (2007). Suggested that addressing obesity is an essential aspect of managing diabetes, because type2 diabetes and many other health problems coexist. However it is important to consider the individual’s specific nutritional needs rather than just providing them with a ‘weight loss plan,’ ‘diabetic diet,’ a ‘standard meal plan or information about healthy eating. ’ Mr. MD was referred to the dietician. Dietician gave dietary advice and educated about importance of weight management by diet and regular exercise. He was advised to avoid take-away foods, reduce alcohol consumption and taking balanced food to prevent hypo and hyper glycaemia (Learning outcome 1).. Hypertension-Prevention & Management is very important in the management of metabolic diseases. In 1985 Modan et al pointed out that there is a strong relationship between high blood pressure and insulin resistance. This findings is supported by Reaven, (1999) . He said that the prevalence of insulin resistance in hypertension has been estimated at 50%. Scheen, (2004) proposed several possible mechanisms for this. Coutinho et al. (1999) said that impaired fasting blood glucose is related with high cardiovascular risk particularly if accompanied by hypertension. Henry et al. , (2002) said that in people with diabetes, cardiovascular disease risk is increased two to fourfold compared with those with normal glucose tolerance. This was supported by the study conducted by Heffner et al. , (1998) who said that diabetic people without past history of myocardial infarction may have as high a risk of myocardial infarction as non-diabetic patients with a history of previous myocardial infarction. Non-pharmacological interventions are cheap than pharmacological interventions and have no known dangerous effects. A range of lifestyle changes reduce blood pressure and the occurrence of hypertension. Non-pharmacological interventions such as weight loss in the overweight, exercise programmes, limiting alcohol intake and a diet with increased fruit and vegetables and limited saturated fat content, minimising dietary sodium consumption and increased dietary potassium intake. From the medical history of Mr MD it is noticed that he was taking Ramipril 5 mg/day and bisoprolol2. mg/daily. It is established that where non-pharmacological interventions are not enough to achieve the objectives then Pharmacological interventions are required. Several drug treatments are of proven value in minimising cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes and hypertension. Low-dose aspirin is suggested in diabetes whether or not there is evidence of large vessel disease. Williams et al. , (2004) noticed that the British Hypertension Society recommends 75 mg of aspirin for all with hypertension and diabetes, unless contraindicated. Antihypertensive therapy diminishes the risk of macrovascular complications by around 20%. Reducing blood pressure reduces progression of retinopathy, albuminuria and progression to nephropathy. Staessen et al. , (1997) observed that clinical trials with ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers have demonstrated benefit of treatment of hypertension in type 2 diabetes (Learning outcome 1).. On admission blood pressure level of Mr MD was very high. He was recommended treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Consultant prescribed Losartan 100 mg/day and increased ACE inhibitor (ramipril 10 mg/day) and beta-blocker (bisoprolol 5 mg/dayl). Studies show that treatment with ramipril in addition to standard therapy minimised combined myocardial infarction, stroke and cardiovascular death by about 25% and stroke by 33% compared with placebo plus conventional methods. This was supported by Sowers and Haffner, (2002) saying that almost all patients with hypertension and diabetes require combinations of blood pressure reducing drugs to attain the recommended blood pressure targets. During the treatment Mr. MD was advised non-pharmacological methods of blood pressure management and importance of diet control and referred to cardiac rehabilitation for regular exercise. Management of high cholesterol plays an important role in the management of diabetes. Lipid abnormalities are common in type 2 diabetes and can be broadly categorized into two groups: those that are common to the general population, for example elevated total and LDL cholesterol; and additional diabetes-related abnormalities, for example elevated triglycerides and reduced HDL cholesterol. Current US and European guidelines emphasize reducing LDL-C level to less than 100 mg/dL (2. 59 mmol/L). To reduce the cholesterol Mr. MD was undergone intensive lipid-lowering treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg/day. Dietary therapy was also a part of the treatment which was found effective to lower Lipids. Interventions to stabilize lipids in order to decrease the risk of CVD are warranted in people with type 2 diabetes. Both Fibrates and Statins improve lipid profiles in people with diabetes. Many studies have established the safety and effectiveness of the fibrates (gemfibrozil, bezofibrate, fenofibrate) in diabetes. Fibrates stimulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-a, changing the expression of a number of enzymes that regulate lipid metabolism, including lipoprotein lipase. Statins inhibit hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, which is rate restrictive in cholesterol production. Another major strategy in the management diabetes is lifestyle interventions. Lifestyle interventions can progress lipid levels. Studies conducted on weight loss and lipids in type 2 diabetes have varied greatly as to the study diet, design and duration. A Meta-analysis of 89 studies and 1800 subjects with type 2 diabetes reported that a weight loss of 5% or greater reduced triglyceride levels by 10 ±40% and total cholesterol by 5 ±15%. These effects were greatest with very low-calorie diets, and the effects were seen in studies up to 6 months. A variety of diets can alter the lipid profile in people with type 2 diabetes. The organisation of diabetes care is very important in the long term management of diabetes care. Diabetes is the significant disease confronting the United Kingdom’s (UK) health care system. As a result, understanding how best to manage diabetes facilities is an important area if the health system is going to deal with the growth in both the demand for and cost of diabetes treatment. Care should be planed at reducing symptoms and minimizing the danger of long-term problems. It is pointed out that a proper balance of glucose and other cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, inactive lifestyle, dyslipidaemia and obesity is very crucial (UKPDS, 2002) in the organisation care of diabetes.

Teacher Interview (Behavior) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teacher Interview (Behavior) - Essay Example When students were not on good behavior, they would receive a warning for the first offense. Then, with the 2nd offense, the student would lose 15 minutes of recess and with the 3rd offense, they would lose 20 minutes of recess and receive a call home. The teacher believed that these problems occurred from students being bored or restless in the less structured time period of the transition. Interview 2 4th grade classroom In this interview, the teacher found that most behavior problems occurred during long periods of quiet, individual seat work. Examples would be during mathematics drill times or when working on book worksheets. The most common problems were talking, not being on task, being disruptive to other students and moving around the room. The classroom management system in places used positive and negative reinforcement to manage student behavior. The teacher modeled a checkbook system, which not only allowed children to become more knowledgeable about checks and checkbooks , but help them practice practically applied addition and subtraction as well. Students receive a check for $30 in the morning, each school day. Students who are not on good behavior receive a warning for the first offense.

Decision Making - Ethic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Decision Making - Ethic - Essay Example In 6 years, it is pÃŽ ¿ssible tÃŽ ¿ say that these actiÃŽ ¿ns and refÃŽ ¿rms initiate business management ethics which fÃŽ ¿llÃŽ ¿ws strict legal rules values and wÃŽ ¿rk in cÃŽ ¿mpliance with internal and external ethical principles ÃŽ ¿f business. Ethical dilemmas ÃŽ ¿ften invÃŽ ¿lve uncertainty and, when rights and duties are in cÃŽ ¿nflict, it is difficult tÃŽ ¿ find guidance. Ethics is receiving wide-ranging discussiÃŽ ¿n in tÃŽ ¿days pÃŽ ¿pular press as well as in accÃŽ ¿unting literature. Many accÃŽ ¿untants find themselves perplexed by these arguments because they have nÃŽ ¿t been expÃŽ ¿sed tÃŽ ¿ a practical methÃŽ ¿d ÃŽ ¿f dealing with ethical dilemmas. NÃŽ ¿ fÃŽ ¿rmal training and few ÃŽ ¿ppÃŽ ¿rtunities in everyday wÃŽ ¿rking life have been prÃŽ ¿vided fÃŽ ¿r accÃŽ ¿untants ÃŽ ¿n a sustained basis. Greek ecÃŽ ¿nÃŽ ¿mic, philÃŽ ¿sÃŽ ¿phical, religiÃŽ ¿us, legal, business, sÃŽ ¿cial, and ÃŽ ¿ther prÃŽ ¿blem areas and prÃŽ ¿pÃŽ ¿sed sÃŽ ¿lutiÃŽ ¿ns are fÃŽ ¿und in their legal cÃŽ ¿des and in their religiÃŽ ¿us and philÃŽ ¿sÃŽ ¿phic writings (Frederick 62). The SÃŽ ¿cratic philÃŽ ¿sÃŽ ¿phers and military are the chief sÃŽ ¿urces ÃŽ ¿f the ecÃŽ ¿nÃŽ ¿mic, business, and sÃŽ ¿cial thÃŽ ¿ught ÃŽ ¿f that day; their writings are intertwined with philÃŽ ¿sÃŽ ¿phy, ethics, and pÃŽ ¿litics. TÃŽ ¿ ÃŽ ¿btain a better feel fÃŽ ¿r precisely what impact these early writers and thinkers had ÃŽ ¿n present day management and ethical, mÃŽ ¿ral, and sÃŽ ¿cial practices, twÃŽ ¿ ÃŽ ¿f these Greek writers will be examined. First, the writings ÃŽ ¿f PlatÃŽ ¿ (427B.C. - 347B.C.) and then AristÃŽ ¿tle (384B.C. -- 322B.C.) will be examined. The scÃŽ ¿pe ÃŽ ¿f PlatÃŽ ¿s and AristÃŽ ¿tles writings was wide and represented the general thinking and beliefs ÃŽ ¿f the Greek philÃŽ ¿sÃŽ ¿phers ÃŽ ¿f that time; th ey delved intÃŽ ¿ the ecÃŽ ¿nÃŽ ¿mic and sÃŽ ¿cial system in its parts, hÃŽ ¿w it shÃŽ ¿uld wÃŽ ¿rk, and hÃŽ ¿w it shÃŽ ¿uld be used tÃŽ ¿ achieve the desired gÃŽ ¿als and ÃŽ ¿bjectives (BuchhÃŽ ¿lz and RÃŽ ¿senthal 62). Even thÃŽ ¿ugh

Constitution questions Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Constitution questions - Article Example That said, however, I would advise that you follow certain guidelines. First, the funding should go to organizations which do not discriminate based upon religious belief or affiliation. Second, the group must not link the distribution of the social benefits to attendance at a church or conversion to a faith. If these guidelines are followed, then the funding of the faith-based initiatives should be fine. Let me begin by stating that free speech is guaranteed under the First Amendment, and should not be abridged except in the most serious of circumstances. This case, as you can see hardly rises to this level; indeed, the pamphlets are merely descriptive and carry no political or ideological message which might be construed as an incitement to violence or the causing of a panic. That something may be offensive is hardly a justification for abridging speech. Without more, these pamphlets, however distasteful to some, ought not to be censored. It must be noted at the outset that defamation, the publication of a fact which is false and harms a person's reputation, is not accorded First Amendment protection in many situations.

What are the main political implications of the privatisation of Essay

What are the main political implications of the privatisation of security - Essay Example Therefore, any security move for any nation cannot avoid having political implications since this act as benchmark to access the capabilities of the political leaders to offer protection to their citizens. Over the years, many nations have viewed security as the sole role of the government and hence they have seen military jobs as a different kind of job. Many have considered security as an aspect that they have paid for through tax remittances and therefore they have been the biggest opposes to the idea of privatizing security for quite some time (Singer, 2008, p. 8). In the United States, the whole concept of privatizations traces its way back in the 19th century by the use of private firms in the rail service provision. Security privatization was one of the largest privatization initiatives that the United States embarked on in the 20th century during the Second World War by privatizing part of the defense functions (Chesterman & Fisher, 2009, p.16). The motivation for this government to private collusion was the increased need for operational and technical support during that time of the war. Ever since that period, this kind of partnership has never ceased between these public and private companies. This trend in security partnership especially in the military has given rise to numerous private security firms (PSCs) which have specialized in a range of activities, which the United States government has been keen to privatize. The major areas that these companies have concentrated on include assessing security risk, offering intelligence support, strategic planning, technical assistant and operational supplement (Singer, 2008). The ramifications that the privatization of security offers all lie in the political arena since security from the onset was a government role which the political leader as the steers. Several analysts discuss that as much

Discuss three obstacles to your education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discuss three obstacles to your education - Essay Example The financial obstacle poses as a serious problem in the wake of my educational basis. I am usually worried due to these issues and I make every effort to make sure these problems get solved sooner rather than later. I have decided for my own self that I will work so that my fees could be made affordable but that has put me in a quandary since balancing studies and work at the same time is a Herculean task. However my efforts are pretty much in line with my aims and objectives and I believe one need to have a very clear conscience in order to reach his goals. Same is my case where I have been devoted towards my studies and my work in a whole-hearted manner. Apart from these, I face problems in the emotional aspect when I am unable to come up to the expectations that an educational facility has from its students. The aspect of my family within my studies is significant since I am unable to give them much time and the discussion of ‘quality time’ for the family is absent from the whole scenario, which is unfortunate in entirety. There is also an obstacle in the form of balancing my studies with my work which becomes a difficult thing at the end of the day. My academic obstacle becomes a serious concern with the ever-changing curriculum requirements. This obstacle does not seem to come to an end however I have made serious efforts to address the very same on a consistent basis. I am doing my best to overcome them but then again it is always difficult to manage one’s expenses, work and study – all at the same time. Someone or the other will miss out on the whole agreement that a person is usually tied up within. In my case, this largely focuses on my educational patterns. The financial, emotional and academic obstacles are indeed venomous in nature as far as my educational regimes are concerned. I need to do a lot of catching up in order to become an educated person at the end. I need to give my best towards studies so that the emotional

Contemporary Disaster Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Contemporary Disaster Management - Term Paper Example The studies and researches done by Centre of Research of the Epidemiology on Disasters confirm that natural catastrophes such as flood, windstorm, surge, and other water-related disasters have killed approximately one million people in the past 20 years. Furthermore, these water-related disasters have affected the livelihoods of more than 300 million people. According to EM-DAT, these natural disasters have directly damaged the global economy and countries around the world have lost more than $US 800billion. Researches have also revealed that regions characterized by the monsoon climate are the most vulnerable. Disasters are also common in areas with large population and where economic development is quite rapid (Brown, & Duguid, 2000). Barton (1999) argued that disaster management has been a problem in most countries of the world hence the impacts of the phenomena are recurrent. Nations all over the world have joint efforts in aid to reduce the effects of these disasters on the livelihoods in the next coming years. Through Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 and the Hashimoto Action Plan: Compendium for Action, countries have established strategic goals and the appropriate global actions that reduce the effects of disasters on the economic system. Asia is one of the countries among others which have been affected negatively by water-related disasters. Asian-Pacific countries have established Asia Pacific Water Forum, a body which is primarily concerned with policing water-related disaster management programs. There are very many bodies emerging all over which would diligently improve the quality of life of populations affected by disasters. These organizations are expected to facilitate disaster management strategies in addressing effective disaster reduction solutions in the most stricken areas (Epstein, 2000).  

Personality disorders Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Personality disorders - Literature review Example s suffering from personality disorder risk obtaining therapeutic nihilism, distancing themselves from their patients, showing absolute rejection to their patients and they might consider their patients as unworthy of their services and resources. The research practitioner further indicates that the relationship between the professional health practitioners and their respective patients has lead to the ultimate decision of suicide. The health workers who are involved in the care and health administration of the people suffering from personality disorder tend to suffer from deaths that are unnatural particularly if they usually offend and intimidate their patients. The result of ill-treatment and intimidation from the social health workers towards their patient’s causes a break of trust and communication between the two parties and this can lead to uncontrollable despise (Smith & Sharp 1994). This research proposal is aimed at analyzing the differences that exists between the people suffering from personality disorder and the relevant medical practitioners that cater for these patients. From different analysis, it is quite evident that these medical practitioners require adequate encouragement in conjunction with positive empowerment for a proper outcome. This research proposal is also aimed at analyzing the different factors that are supposed to govern, promote and increase the positive attitudes of the social workers in ensuring that proper and sufficient care is given to the people suffering from personality disorder (Rutter, Giller & Hagell 1998). The backbone of this research is to illustrate and analyze the relationship that exists or has been inexistence between the people suffering from personality disorder and their medical advisors and on how the improvement between the two can be attained and achieved (Smith & Sharp 1994). The literature review that is illustrated and analyzed below indicates the occurrence, treatment and relationship status of the

Taking the Lid Off the Victorian Era Essay Example for Free

Taking the Lid Off the Victorian Era Essay The Victorian Era has been a time of power and wealth. A journey of evolution took place in this period. People of this generation have a tremendously exciting age that at some point it was called the Second English Renaissance (Moore, 2007). After extensive research on this, I was duty-bound to take a stand on the status of the women of this period. Women have a role in this society. They are as what one writer had said called saints but saints with no legal rights. The Victorian Era viewed women as immaculate- pure and they put women on a pedestal. During this period, they envisioned women as so called Ideal Women. Thus, staying pure and clean from all immoral acts. Bearing offspring is a huge responsibility and tending to her household once she is married are her main preoccupations (DeBay, 2007). However, I sense that there is a great deal of deprivation and injustice that took place on the Victorian Era. Since the women status are defined as that of Ideal Women. And with the way that they have envisioned the Victorian Women, I can truly say that there is a great influence in how women are being treated in this contemporary period of ours. One key issue is the Victorian marriage. Women in this period have made a stature of marrying at a very young age for the reason that their parents want them to get married. The women in that age were born and raised just to get married and bear children. As they get married , women begin to lose their identity. Their husbands treat them as their own possession. Women married because of stature. They do not want to risk being shunned by their families if she marries someone who does not have the same stature or does not hold the same or higher standard of living (DeBay, 2007). And when a woman does break her engagement to her betrothed then she will be outcast by the society and never shall she marry again. It is the ultimate manner of losing your social status. To put it straightforwardly, women on this era are projected to be perfect women. They need to be very womanly and neither can they demand on the things that hurt them. They need to just endure the pain and sufferings becoming a wife. They are expected to be the housewife. They aren’t taught to complain but rather, are taught to follow all demands of the their husbands. Divorce is forbidden. If she divorces her husband then there would not be alimony and the custody of their children will be with the husbands. They are not given equal rights on child rearing once they divorce or separate to their husbands (Moore, 2007). Sex and women have a different process as well. Men are considered to be polygamous in the Victorian period. However, a woman caught doing so will be put to trial and is considered unclean. Thus losing her status in society. A man can go and satisfy his needs to another woman. Men did not have any restrictions, which makes it worse for the wives, because they just need to accept their husbands’ behavior. In effect, her reputation is at stake in society. In fundamental nature, this behavior of women has been carried on to this day. Moreover, there is a great deal of emotional and physical abuse of women in terms of sexual experience to women. Their husbands feel that this is just the sole obligation of their wives – that is, to provide them the sexual pleasure that they want. In these terms, no rights were given to women (Battan, 1999). One other issue is that women were not given the chance for to educate themselves. They were ridiculed and dismissed once they get into the fields which, on that particular era were considered to be a unnecessary for women to take. That only men are the authorized to take. Women were not encouraged to attend a university. For the very reason that women are supposed to be an ornament of the society. Arts and Literature, however, were the subjects that women should learn and were of great importance in the education of women (Miller, 2007). Women had limited rights. Their incomes do not belong to them but to their husbands. They surrender every penny they earn to their spouses. They cannot go and have some contracts with them without the knowledge of their husbands. Further, their husbands need to approve of the contracts as well (Battan, 1999). Finally, I can truly say that the Victorian Women has slowly emerged their limitations and awareness on the aspects that were discussed and analyzed. These key issues until now have been controversial with the new generation. Limiting myself to this study, there is a similarity on the Victorian and the generation of today. While we are trying to break on the women of the Victorian Era, we are still on the process of trying to be free with the laws, rights and procedure that had happened on this controversial and tremendous period (Battan, 1999; Miller, 2007). In conclusion, many women’s groups emerged throughout the decades to diversify and fight for the role of women in the society. Giving women more freedom and rights as an individual and not just as a partner of a spouse. The Victorian Era as much as grandiose it is; women suffered more in this period. And it is with great anticipation, hope and fulfillment that this era has slowly progressed .While there are still causes for despair, there have been milestones in the struggle for gender equality. References Battan, J. (1999). The ‘rights’ of husbands and the ‘duties’ of wives: power and desire in the american bedroom, 1850-1910. Journal of Family History, 24, 165-86. DeBay, R. (2007). Hygiene et Physiologie du Marriage. Retreived on June 14, 2007 from http://caxton. stockton. edu/browning/stories/storyReader$3 Miller, I. (2007). Victorian past. Retrieved on June 14, 2007 from http://www. victoriaspast. com/frontporch/victorianera. htm Moore, M. (2003). Women in the Victorian Age. London: Mcmillan.

Ancient Tiahuanacun civilization Essay Example for Free

Ancient Tiahuanacun civilization Essay Aymaras were believed to be descendants from the ancient Tiahuanacun civilization appeared from the Lake Titicaca. The Indians had their own culture; from the way they dressed and the language that they used, although, today, many had been speaking Spanish. Aymaras were roughly two million in population and extended their number in southern Peru and in the area where their ancestors first came. Most of the Aymaras lived in the highlands of Altipano, adjusting their clothing to match the coldness of the weather. Although they were tribes, they played a role in the community by exporting their products to the cities and to the world. There were problems in this process because the government implied that the ethnics are uncivilized. The government had to cut the linkages of the group to the city, thereby, causing the Aymaras to form syndicates. Like the Aymaras, the Dominican blacks, also, are suffering from racial discrimination. They were from Africa and were send overseas to Dominican Republic to improve labor force during the revolt of the locals. After the revolution of slaves, came the Dominican blacks. The Dominican blacks were despised for they had come from the slaves and by that sense, their purpose was only to serve. They were disposed from their positions and are discriminated from the world. Some had been condemned to death. But the Blacks fought. They had submitted laws to end the racial discrimination and they excelled and succeeded to their fields as musicians, artists, professionals, and leaders. Blacks are more of common people than the Aymaras. Blacks have become civilized through time and become part of the population. They contributed to the country in many ways. The Aymaras, however, since they are an ethnic group, they were more on life of farmers and shepherds. The Dominican Blacks have lesser obstacles to meet to social acceptance and progress since the Blacks had been ending the conflict of discrimination. Many Black leaders are pursuing this goal of equality. They show to the world that they are as efficient and clever as their oppressor. They compete and succeed in many times. Artists and players are showing to the world the Black People, and it adds up to the publicity of the Blacks. Nationality and individuality greatly affect the life of a person. Caste system or class system is the basis of all the racial discriminations today. They had given importance to the colors and ethnic groups that wounded the people today, in the case of the Dominican Black and the Aymaras. In the anthology, actions of Negroes to end discrimination are rife. Evidence is that the Dominicans hated the Blacks. They had given them names and mocked them. There are many times Aymaras are implied as animals roaming around the city. They are being forced to leave and forced to go home. Movements are formed. It is clear that these movements to end the racial discrimination were going on since the oppressors created the class system. United States of America is a society that is lead by whites. They also despise the Blacks. They discriminate them in their societies. The Blacks are forced out the community. They are literally mocked. Black students are cast away from other whites. Their children are not allowed to play with the Whites. Some petitions of the Black leaders are not accepted by the congress. Their grievances are not heard and are considered not important for they are Blacks. They are always considered as criminals and robbers. Some are shot accidentally by police claiming that they had been robbing the store. Some Black professionals are not paid equally. Unequal treatment is always their distress. In a society where people are colonized, many are oppressed by force. If not, for discrimination and other forms. Colonization and racism goes hand in hand. This is the result of enslavement of Africans, Blacks, and Aymaras. Poverty in the Latin countries adds up to the enslavement of economy. Literacy and education are precarious leading to migration to other countries such as the United States and Spain. These countries oppress these immigrants. The oppressors make them feel incompatible to their society of pure bloods thus, separate them out of the neighborhood. They do not give them enough rights to live freely and to advance their lifestyle. The society themselves are the source of the frequent racial discrimination. There still exists a class around the Latin that is the source of faction for the country and the economy. People are enslaved by their sense that the other groups are incompetent, insignificant, and dull. The unity of the country is greatly affected by the people of colors and pure bloods. Two ideals contrast that leads to civil wars. The government, however, is getting there. The laws which applied to the people are for the end of oppression and discrimination. This is a total revision of rights of people. But the history behind the slavery and discrimination remains as they progress. There is always the case where Blacks are mocked as slaves. Colonization must stop in these countries. People will continue to suffer these oppressions.

The New Zealand Social Worker Social Work Essay

The New Zealand Social Worker Social Work Essay Pà ¼ao-te-Ata-tà ¼ (daybreak) was a report requested by the Minister of Social Welfare in 1986, that investigated the ways in which they could better support MÄ ori clients and address the social needs of the MÄ ori people (Hollis, 2005). The report stated that MÄ ori were not being consulted on any decisions regarding education, social welfare and justice and that decisions were being made for, rather than by, MÄ ori people (Ministerial Advisory Committee, 1988, p. 18). It was the beginning of a period of change for the government of New Zealand, which challenged social workers and Aotearoa New Zealand institutions to examine themselves for institutional, cultural and personal racism (Nash, Munford, ODonoghue, 2005, p. 20). Historically Pà ¼ao-te-Ata-tà ¼ was the MÄ ori perspective for the Department of Social Welfare and the Children and Young Persons Act 1974 (Keddell, 2007). The report states throughout colonial history, inappropriate structures and Pakeha involvement in issues critical for MÄ ori have worked to break down traditional MÄ ori society by weakening its base-the whÄ nau, the hapÃ…Â «, the iwi (Ministerial Advisory Committee, 1988, p. 18). It was initiated due to the high amount of MÄ ori children in the care of the state, and because it was felt at the time, that the social welfare system was not inclusive of whÄ nau (Cram, n.d.). Cram states at the heart of the issue is a profound misunderstanding or ignorance of the place of the child in MÄ ori society and its relationship with whÄ nau (Families Commission, 2012). The Pà ¼ao-te-Ata-tà ¼ report was delivered to the Minister in 1988, made thirteen recommendations which focus ed upon the need for the department to function in a bicultural manner and to share responsibility and authority for decisions with appropriate MÄ ori people (Waitangi Tribunal , 2012, p. 107). New Zealand had an obligation to the Te Tiriti O Waitangi (Treaty of Waitangi), which protects the rights of MÄ ori (tangata whenua) and provides validation for tauiwi (all those who have settled in this land after the arrival of MÄ ori) to live in this land (Nash et al., 2005. p. 160-161). With focus on bicultural practice, the government was duty-bound to make changes so that MÄ ori could be involved in decisions regarding MÄ ori, resulting in MÄ ori being involved in planning and service delivery at the tribal and community level (Ministerial Advisory Committee, 1988, p. 18). A review of the Children, Young Persons Act 1974 was necessary. The Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989 relate to children and young persons who are in need of care or protection or who offend against the law (Harris Levine, 1994, p. 75). It was established to regulate how the government responded toward children that had been abused or neglected or who were at risk of being youth offenders (Ministry of Social Development, n.d.). The Act introduced principles that changed the way decisions were made about children and young people, enabling family to become partners in the decision-making process to resolve family issues (Ministry of Social Development, n.d.). New Zealands obligation to the Te Tiriti O Waitangi has led to more culturally aware policies and practices. Historically the Children and Young Persons Act 1974 was thought to reinforce institutional racism, and didnt take into account the culture of the differing minorities throughout New Zealand (Keddell, 2007). MÄ ori felt their cultural values, that encompass the collective not the individual, were not being considered leading to unhappiness with the governmental institutions. (Keddell, 2007). The Pà ¼ao-te-Ata-tà ¼ report had caused a paradigm shift in social work thinking (Nash et al., 2005. p. 20) and the New Zealand government had to make changes to recognise this. A change to policies caused a change in practice, therefore, the Code of Ethics became inclusive of MÄ ori culture and the Bicultural Code of Ethics was established. The Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers Code of Ethics was founded on the guidelines enumerated by the International Federation of Social Workers (ANZASW, 2008). Its purpose is to: provide a definition of ethical social work, offer guidance, inspire and promote professionalism, guide social work students, underpin everyday practice and development and incorporate bicultural practice (ANZASW, 2008). Historically the ANZASW Code of Ethics was first developed in 1964, where the ANZASW was called NZASW and Code of Ethics was the Interim Code of Ethics (ANZASW, 2008). In 1976 after a conference in Puerto Rico it was decided to adopt the International Federation of Social Workers code, this transcended the Interim Code of Ethics (ANZASW, 2008). In 1993 a new code of ethics was developed, this was the first ANZASW Code of Ethics and Bicultural Code of Practice which recognises Te Tiriti O Waitangi to foster equitable collaboration between the diverse realities of its membership who are Tangata Whenua and Tauiwi (Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers, n.d.). The Pà ¼ao-te-Ata-tà ¼ report was the foundation for bicultural practice in social work practice with MÄ ori and wider communities. Ruwhui (as cited in Nash et al., 2005) maintains biculturalism as being the relationship between cultures co-existing alongside one another (p.97). The advent of biculturalism caused government agencies and social workers to reflect on the practices they employed and the ones they reproduced from overseas to see if they demonstrated the same cultural principles that New Zealand now practiced (Nash et al., 2005). Social workers are now guided by new principles that recognise family as being an integral part of MÄ ori culture, the Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act 1989 states the principle that the primary role in caring for and protecting a child or young person lies with the childs or young persons family, whÄ nau, hapÃ…Â «, iwi, and family group (New Zealand Legislation, n.d.). The Act has introduced family group conferences where family, extended family and community representatives meet together and discuss the consequences for care and protection cases or when the child has been involved in illegal behaviour so that the court is not necessarily involved (Levine, 2000). This has proved worthwhile and Maxwell and Morris (2006) state both the philosophy underpinning this system and the use of family group conferences exemplify a restorative justice approach that has now been adopted in many other countries (p. 239). The ANZASW Code of Ethics and Bicultural Code of Ethics has impacted the development of social work practice in MÄ ori and wider social work communities by incorporating the Te Tiriti O Waitangi and its commitment to creating a more anti-racist practice (ANZASW, 2008). Social workers now are responsible for the promotion of change in mono-cultural agencies and organisations therefore assisting in the protection of the integrity of Tangata Whenua (ANZASW, 2008, p. 7). Webster and Bosmann-Watene (as cited in Nash, et al., 2005) state the challenge for practitioners is to provide appropriate interventions that meet the cultural and clinical needs of MÄ ori (p. 20). The ANZASW uses bicultural practice to foster equitable collaboration between the diverse realities of its membership who are Tangata Whenua and Tauiwi (Aotearoa New Zealand Association of Social Workers, n.d.). According to Barker (as cited in Sheafor and Horejsi, 2008) social justice is an ideal condition in which all members of a society has the same basic rights, protection, opportunities and social benefits (p.22). In order for the fair and equal treatment of MÄ ori in New Zealand the Pà ¼ao-te-Ata-tà ¼ report recommended that the Department of Social Welfare improve its training methods of practitioners in the social work field (Ministerial Advisory Committee, 1988). The Department of Social Welfare needed to identify suitable people to institute training programmes to provide a MÄ ori perspective for training courses more directly related to the needs of the MÄ ori people impacted social workers commitment to social justice (Ministerial Advisory Committee, 1988). The Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989 impact social workers commitment to social justice, in how they advocate for children and their families. As a social worker one needs to be able to challenge governmental policies and structures that are ineffective. The social worker must be aware of not only the individual experience to the broader structural issues but how the individual and the social structures relate to one another (OBrien, 2011, p. 71). The Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989 could be considered an example of social justice as it publicised the racism that was thought to be in government institutions and practice, which made anti-racism towards the minority cultures part of the objective. The ANZASW Code of Ethics has impacted social workers commitment to social justice in that they now advocate social justice and principles of inclusion and choice for all members of society (ANZASW, 2008, p. 8), particularly minority races and the disadvantaged. Social workers must recognise and value clients, integrating anti-discriminatory practice, the practice in which a social work practitioner strives to reduce, undermine or eliminate discrimination and oppression (Thompson, 2006). In conclusion key principles like the Pà ¼ao-te-Ata-tà ¼ report, the Children, Young Persons and Their Families Act 1989, and the ANZASW Code of Ethics have introduced biculturalism by honouring the Treaty of Waitangi. The Pà ¼ao-te-Ata-tà ¼ report has brought about the inclusiveness of MÄ ori with regard to decision making in policies that involve them. Similarly, The Children, Young Persons, and Their Families Act 1989 have included whÄ nau, hapÃ…Â « and iwi in decision making while the ANZASW Code of Ethics focuses on anti-discriminatory practice to provide fair bicultural service to clients of all cultures. This has impacted social work in New Zealand by creating a more accepting culturally aware practice. Social workers now consider MÄ ori as a collective rather than as individuals and through training and commitment can provide a more encompassing and holistic service.

To Tell Or To Lie :: essays research papers

To Tell or to Lie Maral Frendjian For modern students, a training in rhetoric such as that offered by Gorgias is more preferable, rather than learning how to distinguish truth from falsehood. It is the art of forceful language, emphasizing figures of speech and focusing on devices for swaying and persuading an audience, that would be most beneficial for students lives today. Despite the fact that it is simply ornamented language to make a good facade, the rhetoric by Gorgias is necessary for the success of students, especially those who would like to "sell" their ideas, products or beliefs to the people (the larger population). In the world we live in, there are many ways of getting the things that we want. The way most people would like to believe that their accomplishments were achieved is through hard work and sweat. However, that is not how it works, because most people around the world lie to get things to go their way. A perfect example of a group of people that use the rhetoric are politicians. Politicians will say and do anything to convince the citizens that they are right, and that they will do all they promise to do, if you vote for him or her. They try to convince us all the time, and often succeed, that they will make changes. Just think about the many times we've heard, "If you vote for me, I will lower the taxes." Gorgias makes a very clear point regarding the power of the rhetoric. The following quote from Gorgias expresses the impact that rhetoric can have on those listening. I mean the ability to convince by means of speech a jury in a court of justice, members of the Council in their Chamber, voters at a meeting of the Assembly, and any other gathering of citizens whatever it may be. By the exercise of this ability you will have the doctor and the trainer as your slaves, and your man of business will turn out to be making money not for himself but for another; for you, in fact, who have the ability to speak and to convince the masses. (Gorgias, p.28 sec. 453) What Gorgias is saying in the preceding quote is about the amazing power of persuasion. He is saying that if you have the ability to convince, you have the power to sway anyone listening by your ideas. He demonstrates the diverse situations in which the "ability to convince" can help the persuader, by giving him the power so that the control will be in his or her hands. Convincing is not only a form of speech, it is a form of twisting the truth,

Blue Collar Student: Are Jobs Good Or Bad? :: essays research papers

Blue Collar Student: Are Jobs Good or Bad? Are part time jobs good or bad for a student? This is an interesting question that pertains to almost half of all high school students. Jobs provide students with many different qualities but at what cost? This will be the topic of discussion in this paper. Part time jobs are as common to students as mooing is to cows. Many students find it necessary to have a job after school and during the summer. One benefit of having a job is it builds character in oneself. Having a responsibility at work and working with others builds ones leadership and teamwork abilities. Students also have the ability to earn some extra money to help pay for a car and the insurance required to drive it. It also allows students to get a sense of independence as they are not always relying on mom and dad to give them money. For example, your friend Jim has a job making sundaes at dairy queen. Jim works about 24 hours a week and makes $4.50 an hour. At the end of that week , Jim has $80 that he can call his own. Jim could go to the movies, buy a new pair of shoes, or do whatever he wants to do with it. Jim worked hard for his money and after all, it is his money. Another alternative to spending this hard earned money is to save it in a bank and use it for college. This is all fine and dandy but what about school and the homework teachers send home. If a student does have a part time job when will he get this work done. Part time jobs can take away the precious time that students need to study and do homework. Let's just say for instance that our friend Jim has a final exam tomorrow. Wait a minute though, it's Thursday and Jim works from 4 to 10. Jim has no time to study before he goes to work so he figures he'll do it after work. Jim gets swamped at Dairy Queen and by the end of his shift, he's so tired he can barely drive home. When Jim does get home, he cracks the books and starts studying about Beowulf. After about ten minutes of that, Jim is fast asleep and before you know it, Jim's mom is telling him to wake up. Jim takes is exam, knowing nothing about Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxons or anything else that was on his English exam and to no suprise, he gets an â€Å"F.

Midaq Alley :: Naguib Mahfouz, Midaq Alley

Naguib Mahfouz is the author of the book Midaq Alley that was translated from Arabic by Trevor Le Gassick. First published in 1966, Midaq Alley displays a historical period of Egypt in the most intimate sense as it is presented through the lives of the characters that inhabit the alley. Although the book is set in the early forties it possesses a taste of eternity as the reader watches the characters struggle through questions of morality, ethics, and traditions. (The answer of which shape their behavior.) This is all perceived through the eyes of the ageless alley, which is witnessed with total indifference. Thus, inhancing the feeling of eternity within which the circle of life is forever revolving. Midaq Alley persents a diversity of chracters that creates the atmosphere that it is a whole life and a complete portray of a functioning Egyptian socity of the forties. Mahfouz successfully relates the events in Midaq Alley with the outside world by refering to politics. This is illustrated when he states that -at this period of the Egyptian history, working girls were usually jewish-they were the starting flare that began modernization. The materialistic insentive that characterized most of the inhabitants of the alley; best seen in Hamida, who in pursuite of her dreams of wealth and dresses became Titi that belongs to Ibrahim Faraj-the pimp. Another close reference to political events is through Abbas who leaves the alley to go work for the British Army in persue of material gains-regardless of the question of paterialism! furthermore, Mahfouz states the bad conditons of trade through Salim Alwan-the factory owner, as "wartime cut in imports from India". Thus, stimulating me rchantes that are personified in Salim Alwan to trade in different commodities, which perviously never interested them; for instance, tea. This resulted in the creation of black markets and subtaintial profits for merchantes. Intimate description of the inhabitants in Midaq alley gives the alley a life of it's own. Mahfouz indulges the reader in the inhabitants inner thoughts and desires; Kirsha's drug addiction and homosexuality; Zaita's sadistic nature; Hamida's untamed ambitions; Alwan's desires for Hamida; Hussain's dissatisfaction. On the other hand, there is Radwan Hussainy-the religiiou figure; Abbas the niave lover. Thus, Mahfouz created a complete sphere for a socity with the good along the bad; with the intangled destinies of the characters in Midaq Alley.

How to Throw a Baseball

Throwing of a Baseball There are many different factors that come into play when you are learning to throw a baseball. Some of these factors are the grip of the baseball, the proper throwing position, the delivery of the throw, the follow through and other throwing mechanics. Learning to grip the baseball correctly is a key to throwing well. Grip the ball firmly but not tightly. You are not trying to choke the baseball. You want to place your thumb under the baseball and your forefinger and middle finger on top of the ball. Place the ball on the fingertips and not deep in the palm for greater accuracy and control when you throw.Make sure your fingers and thumb are across the seams and not placed on the seams. This placement helps the ball stay on a straight path. As you get more experience, you will be able to throw with the seams to get additional movement on the ball. The proper throwing position requires you to square yourself to the target. If you are right-handed, you want your left shoulder pointed at the player who is going to catch the ball. The instep of your right foot should also be facing your target. Raise the ball to ear level. If you are left-handed, it should be done in the opposite manner.Make sure your elbow is higher than your shoulder. You are now ready to throw the baseball. The delivery requires you to keep your eyes focused on your target as you begin the throwing process and keep them there throughout your delivery. Step with your front foot toward the target, beginning the transfer of your weight from back to front. As you step forward, bend your front knee and bring your arm forward. As your arm gets into an extended position, snap your wrist forward and release the ball. Your middle finger should be pointed directly at the target, allowing you to have greater accuracy and velocity on your throw.The follow through is when you continue moving forward with your arm after the ball has been released. Bring your back leg around so it is sli ghtly in front of your opposite leg. Your arm will continue to move, and you should bring it to a spot on the outside of your frame between your thigh and hip. Your upper body should be over your feet when you finish the throwing process. Never simply stop the throwing motion after you release the ball. That could cause shoulder and/or elbow injuries. Follow through fully after releasing the ball. You can throw a baseball without pitching it, but you can't pitch a baseball without throwing it.This emphasizes that pitching is all about defeating the batter. And throwing is a component of the pitching process. But throwing in itself does not constitute pitching. The difference between pitching mechanics and throwing mechanics. In reality, there should be no difference, but more often than not what is deemed as good pitching mechanics is more about defeating the batter than it is about throwing a baseball. Effective throwing is efficient use of the body to throw the baseball. Effective throwing is the least amount of wasted effort necessary to achieve the desired throwing result.There are two primary components at work in throwing a baseball: strength and mechanics. The strength component can manifest itself in several ways. The good way is when the strength component works in conjunction with the mechanical component primarily in the form of maintaining what is called connection during a transfer of momentum from the larger body parts and the arm itself. One interesting aspect of throwing is that once the momentum has been drained out of the torso, the action of the arm is far more passive and active. The arm behaves more like a whip that has been driven by the body.The negative aspect of arm strength is when the arm itself becomes the primary factory to throw the baseball. This can also be described as disconnection. A consequence of this disconnection forces the arm-shoulder complex to become more active than it should in terms of throwing a baseball. The play er is trying to make up for the lack of efficient transfer of momentum by â€Å"muscling† the ball to the plate. So the main points of throwing a baseball is the grip of the baseball, the proper throwing position, the delivery of the throw, the follow through and other throwing mechanics.

Fast Food Nation Essay

Of all non-profit organizations involved in the improvement of food handling, S. T. O. P or Safe Tables Our Priority deserved to be supported by the government as it had effectively acted as public health organization dedicated to preventing illness and death from food-borne pathogens. Since 1993, S. T. O. P had advocated changes in US public policy, widely educated and had done massive outreach, provided assistance to the victims of food-borne diseases, and implemented in-depth studies based on victims’ experience and listed them in the organizations’ registry so as for them to study the long-term consequences of food-borne disease. Historically, the organization was borne out of united anguish of parents of E. coli O157:H7 victims brought about the mishandling of foods by Jack in the Box hamburgers. Given its substantial numbers of victims, it has reached a nationwide attention of the public and the media. The group has presented itself with a clear mission of propagating food safety rules and regulations that would safeguard and inform the American populace on the seriousness of the illness. And since there was no existing organization as such, S. T. O. P. ’s membership had radically increased. Now everyone worries about the nutritional implications of excessive dining at fast-food restaurants and food safety issues. Moreover, their national visibility has soared as they were frequently contacted by media sources. Since then, new programs across the nation had run five different shows discussing meat, seafood, poultry, produce and even fruit juice safety guidelines for the sake of public education. Because of the mass media channel, food industry and legislative officials had taken action and highlighted the issue of food safety whereas before none had done at all. Through the media mileage S. T. O. P. ’s mission had a pivotal momentum as media had effectively assisted its advocacy and legislative efforts that had resulted to reform of food safety in the United States. Current food safety strategy followed by both the government and industry places far too much emphasis on consumer behavior. This over-emphasis on consumer education fosters the misleading impression that it is the consumers’ responsibility to make sure their food is safe, and if people get sick, it is their own fault. Furthermore, through their research they had found out that there were government agencies that lacked efficient communication when the said outbreak happened. They also found out that there were agencies of the government that are aware of the emerging food-borne pathogens however they lacked propagation of the knowledge nor do they have any comprehensive plan to resolve it. According to their study, the USDA (Department of Agriculture), the Congress and the media had failed to inspect these food products and aren’t aware of the massive growth in numbers of its victims. Moreover, S. T. O. P. had joined Safe Food Coalition, an organization with twelve consumer groups that advocated food safety. After several, extensive communication with USDA S. T. O. P. had became a catalyst for change as they were invited to join at policy making table and became a key player in assisting and promoting the launching of food handling inspection after ninety years. They endorsed microbial testing for animal fecal contamination like Salmonella and E. coli. They implored government agencies to reform their policies and address improved food handling. They implored that medical professional for humans and not just veterinarians to work at USDA. They implored for USDA to eradicate conflict of interest in view of the fact that both the marketing and the inspection of food handling is under the same department. In addition, the organization had promptly become the shelter of food-borne victims. They had received frequent telephone calls inquiring about the disease and S. T. O. P. had distributed packets of information from consumers to households. Members had helped try save victims and their families through anchoring various lectures for those struggling with the medical and emotional repercussions of the disease. Then in 2003, S. T. O. P. had launched a groundbreaking report entitled, â€Å"Why Are People Still Dying from Contaminated Food. † It reports the food safety challenges and their recommendations. They advocated that everyone should address the problem from the start of food handling fro instance by keeping pathogens out of the food supply. Also, they had distributed this information through mailings, newsletters and currently through E-alerts. These medium had discussed numerous food-borne diseases such as Pathogens 101, E. coli 0157:H7 bacteria, viruses like Hepatitis A and Norovirus among others, parasites from foods such as Cryptosporidium and others, other syndromes and conditions like Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS), nvCJD (Mad Cow Disease) and reactive Arthritis/Reiter’s among others, numerous miscellaneous illnesses from digested metals, toxins, prions or wasting diseases and even plastics. Suffice it to say in its endeavor to combat food-borne bacteria S. T. O. P. has had many successes as they focus on advocacy, victim support, outreach, and safe food education. For more than fifteen years they already had worked with both national and local media, responsive food industry trade groups and firms, government agencies such as the Congress, USDA, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Health and Human Services (HHS), and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Through various television segments such as S. T. O. P. in the News, numerous newsletters, teleseminars and podcasts, press releases, media kits, special events and reports, speaking engagements, and online educational resources, the organization had brought about a drastic change in the eating lifestyle of Americans. Thus, the government should be supporting such agencies that clearly promote safety on its constituents.

The ability to formulate concepts ad think abstractly disappears

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive, irreversible, degenerative neurologic disease that begins insidiously and is characterized by gradual losses of cognitive function and disturbances in behavior and affect. Alzheimer’s disease is not found exclusively in the elderly; in 1 % to 10% of cases, its onset occurs in middle age. A family history of Alzheimer’s disease and the presence of Down syndrome are two established risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease.Of family members have at least one other relative with Alzheimer’s disease, then a familial component, which non- specifically includes both environmental triggers and genetic determinants, is said to exist. Genetic studies show that autosomal- dominant forms of Alzheimer’s disease are associated with early onset and early death. In 1987, chromosome 21 was first implicated in early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease. Soon after, the gene coding fro amyloid precursor protein or APP was also found to be on chromosome 21.Not until 1991 was an actual mutation in association with familial Alzheimer’s disease found in the APP gene of chromosome 21. For those with this gene, onset of Alzheimer’s disease began in their 50’s. Only a few of the cases of familial Alzheimer’s disease have been found to involve this genetic mutation. In 1992, chromosome 14 was found to contain an unidentified mutation also linked to familial Alzheimer’s disease. Since 1995, molecular biologists have been discovering even more- specific genetic information about the various forms of Alzheimer’s disease, including genetic differences between early- and late- onset Alzheimer’s disease.These genetic differences are helping to pinpoint risk factors associated with the disease, although the genetic indicators are not specific enough to be used as reliable diagnostic markets. A. Causes/ Risk Factors Symptoms of AD are usually subtle in onset and often progress slowly until they are obvious and devastating. The changes characteristic of AD into three general categories: cognitive, functional, and behavioral. Reversible causes of AD include alcohol abuse, medication use, psychiatric disorders, and normal- pressure hydrocephalus.Increasing age is the leading risk factor of people getting Alzheimer’s disease. II. Symptoms, Changes by Psychological and Behavioral A. Dementia Symptoms are usually subtle in onset and often progress slowly until they are obvious and devastating. The changes characteristics of dementia fall into three general categories: cognitive, functional and behavioral. In the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease, forgetfulness and subtle memory loss occur. The patient may experience small difficulties in work or social activities but has adequate cognitive function to hide the loss and can function independently.Depression may occur at this time. With further progression of the disease, the deficits ca n no longer be concealed. Forgetfulness is manifested in many daily actions. These patients may lose their ability to recognize familiar faces, places, and objects and may get lost in a familiar environment. They may repeat the same stories because they forget that they have already told them. Trying to reason with the person and using reality orientation only increase the patient’s anxiety without increasing function. Conversation becomes difficult, and there are word- finding difficulties.The ability to formulate concepts ad think abstractly disappears; for instance, the patient can interpret a proverb only in concrete terms. The patient is often unable to recognize the consequences of his or her actions and will therefore exhibit impulsive behavior. For example, on a hot day, the patient may decide to wade in the city fountain fully clothed. The patient has difficulty with everyday activities, such as operating simple appliances and handling money. Personality changes are also usually evident. The patient may become depressed, suspicious, paranoid, hostile, and even combative.Progression of the disease intensifies the symptoms: speaking skills deteriorate to nonsense syllables, agitation and physical activity increase, and the patient may wander at night. Eventually, assistance is needed for most ADL’s including eating and toileting, since dysphagia occurs and incontinence develops. The terminal stage, in which the patient is usually mobile and requires total care, may last for months or years. Occasionally, the patient may recognize family or caretakers. Death occurs as a result of complications such as pneumonia, malnutrition, or dehydration.

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Non-CSD beverage: Non-CSD beverage Coke and Pepsi are attacking these categories themselves, each trying to become a â€Å"total beverage company. † Will this approach lead to brand dilution? Do CPs risk becoming a less profitable business if they do not extend the brand? No good answers yet to these questions: Pepsi, so far, has had more success and has been more aggressive with non-CSDs. 7/20/2011 32 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi Non-CSD beverage: Non-CSD beverage The business model for non-CSDs is somewhat different from the classic CSD model (pp. 1-14) The supply chain and bottling requirements add complexity to the value chain, compared with the relatively simple CSD model. 7/20/2011 33 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi Non-CSD beverage: Non-CSD beverage The basic principles of the business remain the same: Coke and Pepsi own the brand and control product development; Dedicated bottlers leverage economies of scope in distribution (selling to same outlet, same trucks). There are exceptions—e. g. , Gatorade is delivery through food wholesalers. As niche products, non-CSDs carried prices and margins that are higher for everyone in the value chain. /20/2011 34 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi The Implications of Bottled Water: The Implications of Bottled Water Will Coke and Pepsi be able to repeat their success with CSD in the water segment, or will a new competitive dynamic emerge? (page 14) 7/20/2011 35 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi Bottled Water: Bottled Water Repeat of CSD New (less attractive) Industry Structure Economies of scale in advertising Hard to create brand loyalty Barriers to entry in distribution Highly fragmented, competitive structure Similar economics of concentrate firm High price sensitivity Little differentiation (e. . , taste) 7/20/2011 36 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi Bottled Water: Bottled Water Unless Coke and Pepsi can generate brand loyalty and establi sh their brands, water is more likely to become a commodity-like product, where despite the scale and barriers in distribution, most of the profits will be extracted by the distribution channel (retailers) rather than by the concentrate companies or (especially) the bottlers. 7/20/2011 37 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi Summary of the Case:Summary of the Case 1. One of the clearest examples on how firms can create and exercise market power. 2. To really understand the opportunities for strategy, we have to look at the underlying economics of the firm and the industry, and its related (upstream and downstream) parts. Without understanding the economics of the CP and bottler, we cannot understand the motivations and the likely success of moves like vertical integration. 7/20/2011 38 Session led by Prof. J. K. Mitra, FMS, Delhi

Approach In Treating Schizophrenia Samples

Deficit based practice have long been used for helping out the professionals for addressing the needs and the problems of gifted children. While addressing the mental health problems, a strong belief that prevails it that once the presenting problem is identified, an expert can be found and he can then fix out a prescription to cure the condition (Kapp et al., 2013). It has to be kept in mind that deficit based approaches can create dependency on outside solutions. One of the foremost problem with deficit based approach is that the interventions comes often too late superseding after the problem is already present rather than intervening to prevent the problem. Research has suggested that deficit based programs mainly focus on what the youth and the children are doing wrong and are found to be unsuccessful unlike the programs that mainly focus on the strengths of the young generation (Kapp et al., 2013).   An example to this can be given such as; the zero tolerance policy towards s chool bullying can result in increased level of suspensions without the knowledge of how the behaviors can be changed. It basically do not stop the problems of bullying, who typically spends more unnoticed and unsupervised time in the community or home. Strength based approach on the other hand moves the subject away from the weaknesses of the people and focus on strengths of the client (Amaresha & Venkatasubramanian, 2012). The case study reveals the fact that the individual had been recently diagnosed with schizophrenia, which was previously believed to be the signs of autism and hence the treatment was mainly based on behavioral treatment depending upon the situation. On this context it can be said that when a health care provider portrays a gloomy picture of people having mental illness, the clients also perceives themselves negatively. According to the researchers 24 % of the people suffering from schezophrenia have scored less in self regard on the basis of Rosenberg self esteem scale (RSES) (Zargham-Boroujeni et al., 2015). In this case a positive psychotherapy can be used which will be able to focus more on the internal strengths and less on weakness, shortcomings and failures. This can help to set up a positive mindset in the patient in the scenario that will help to find own strength, improve the resilience and achieve a positive worldview. Strength based therapy can include talk therapy which can guide the patient in retelling the history of the stressors, trauma and emphasize on pain having more emphasis on the strength and survival than that of weakness (Xie, 2013). Strength based therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy, personal therapy, compliance therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy; supportive psychotherapy can be used to treat the behavioral symptoms related to Schizophrenia (Xie, 2013). Cognitive behavioral therapy has shown significant improvements in depression, negative symptoms and social functioning. CBT is again not suited for the patients who are cute sufferers. Personal therapy can be suitable to individuals who have been discharged from clinical settings. Supportive therapy can be used to counsel the patient while dealing with life issues by dealing their problems with general assistance, clarifications and reassurance (Chien et al., 2013). A paradigm shift from deficit based to strength based will help to increase the level of functioning in the patient. The quality of life will improve and the symptoms will decrease. It will bring about a change in the self image of the client (Zargham-Boroujeni et al., 2015). Highe r level of resiliency would cater to the mental well being of the patient. The primary principles of strength based approach is to utilize the strength already possessed by the patient, secondly the client has to be motivated to focus on the strengths (Rashid, 2015). Finally, the environment from where the client will derive resources to strengthen his or skills should be conducing enough.   The family and the communities can help to identify the informal support system that can be provided to such patients. Meetings, social intervention gatherings and educational sessions can help the patient to share his stories with one other as well as the practitioners (Chien et al., 2013). It is essential to develop the therapeutic relationship between the consumer and the practitioner. According to researchers hardiness can be correlated negatively to mental disorders. They have also indicated the relation between the hope of recovery, strength, productive and a satisfying life style (Zargh am-Boroujeni et al., 2015). It can be said that treatment of schizophrenia cannot be treated with one psychotherapy as no single method can address all the problems. A combination of cognitive remediation, illness education and social skills training along with medications can serve as the best treatment. Emotional support in handling with a disabling illness, enhancing the coping strategies for promoting functional recovery and alteration of the underneath pathophysiology are the main elements of the future psychotherapy interventions for schizophrenia. Amaresha, A. C., & Venkatasubramanian, G. (2012). Expressed emotion in schizophrenia: an overview. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 34(1), 12. Chien, W. T., Leung, S. F., Yeung, F. K., & Wong, W. K. (2013). Current approaches to treatments for schizophrenia spectrum disorders, part II: psychosocial interventions and patient-focused perspectives in psychiatric care. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9, 1463–1481. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S49263 Kapp, S. K., Gillespie-Lynch, K., Sherman, L. E., & Hutman, T. (2013). Deficit, difference, or both? Autism and neurodiversity. Developmental psychology, 49(1), 59. Rashid, T. (2015). Positive psychotherapy: A strength-based approach. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(1), 25-40. Xie, H. (2013). Strengths-Based Approach for Mental Health Recovery. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 7(2), 5–10. Zargham-Boroujeni, A., Maghsoudi, J., & Oreyzi, H. R. (2015). Focusing on psychiatric patients’ strengths: A new vision on mental health care in Iran. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 20(3), 340–346. End your doubt 'should I pay someone to do my dissertation by availing dissertation writing services from

Operations management and its role Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Operations management and its role - Essay Example A fast food business has the ability to deliver a large quantity of food within a short duration of time. It also delivers the convenience of fast services and research shows that people are willing to forego quality for convenience. When a customer takes the food away it enables them to enjoy readymade food with comfort. Its market segment targets the middle and low class earners who contributes up to 70% of the population locally. This population includes university students, graduates and small sized businessmen. In struggling and development stage, they normally target the young and old-aged masses and since these age groups are present in largest population, they are able to develop and maintain a large market share. With all these competitive factors, they have managed to penetrate the local market successfully. A traditional sit in restaurant success can be attributed to the fact that it has two defined market segments. This is to say that their potential market is not differe ntiated. However they also compete against other market segments within the market environment with fast food outlets. They focus on high income families and business meetings to create a strong market and tap potential customers. (Richard & Colin 1992) Competitive Advantages and Priorities: In this regard, ( Irwin McGraw-Hill,2000 ) Terry Hill, a professor at London Business School presented the theory of Order winners and Order Qualifiers, which explains the process of how an internal functioning body designs its strategies to meet the competitive challenges and market success. Order winners and Order Qualifiers can be dealt separately if an investor has a low budget. According to theorists, Qualifier and winners have different aspects for business. If Qualifying is an objective, than a product has a quality of being considered by the customer which leads to the same standard of the product as your competitors have it. When it comes to Order Winning then a product must hold some e xtra ordinary specs than your competitor’s product to win the bid, which definitely requires more investment to maintain high standards. An investor must meet the requirement of Order Qualifier otherwise it can lead to a total loss. Whereas it is also required to keep a watch on the cost of production, otherwise it can lead to excessive increase in price, which again will divert the customers to an economical product. Research was carried out Sven Horte and Hakan Ylinenpa, which tells that unfortunately a wide gap is seen between product managers and customers which leads to a negative sales. When a product holds similar opinions between managers and customers, it is considered to be a â€Å"fit† product and ideal for sales growth. In relevance to our subject, a fast food outlet can get successful in

Discussion Board reply Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion Board reply - Assignment Example If demand for products is left to virtual shopping estimates only, it would provide biased outcomes that may not reflect actual market behavior and equilibrium. Saving is important for both households and the economy as a whole. A household benefits from savings as it allows a cushion in case of an economic recession. Furthermore, savings allow households to invest in various parts of the economy which aids in increasing the total assets available to a household. On the other hand, the economy stands to benefit from household savings since it allows the government and banks greater liquidity to initiate larger economic projects and hence spur economic growth. In addition, the increased liquidity helps governments to provide better social security nets for the population at large (Gwartney, Stroup, Sobel, & Macpherson, 2011, p. 246). There is no rule of thumb for the proportion a household should save. However, it could be generalized that a household should save enough of its disposable income to allow investment opportunities and to cushion economic shocks whilst not saving too much so as to cause a loss of liquidity in the

Contemporary Issues In Business And Management Essay

Contemporary Issues In Business And Management - Essay Example A global industry can be described as an industry where all firms are competing within the global market in order to sustain and grow. A global strategy is driven by various factors. These can be cost drivers, competitive drivers, customer drivers and government drivers (Sakarya, Eckman and Hyllegard, 2006). We live in a global economy where the time required to cross continents has reduced to a bare minimum. With the help of advantage technologies, it is now possible to initiate conversations within no time. Because of these changes, there has been a shift in the business practices of organisations and more and more organisations are adopting a global strategy for growth and sustainable development (Aharoni and Ramamurti, 2011). A global strategy is the plan of an organisation to compete in these new realities of global markets. For example, in food manufacturing, organisations like Nestle, Cadbury and Kellogg’s have created marketing networks and global distribution based on marketing of their leading brands that are well recognised globally. Key aspects of a global strategy include: The global market should be treated as the domestic market. Establishment of a global marketing mix, differentiating between the national and regional differences such as language, culture and taste. Creating a global distribution and production system, for example establishing factories globally manufacturing goods for respective local regions (Vrontis, Thrassou, and Lamprianou, 2009). Concentrating on the most successful and most recognised products and brands. Since the global market is huge, a substantial amount of profit can be achieved by using economies of scale in terms of production, distribution and marketing. Rather than producing a large number of products, it will be more fruitful to manufacture those products and services which are well recognised and accepted by the customers round the world. Importance of Global Strategy The importance of global strategy ca n be understood from the flowing perspectives: Perspective of a Company With the international expansion, opportunity increases in terms of new sales and higher revenues. Sometimes, it might also happen that the profitability in the home country has reduced due to various unavoidable conditions. In such cases, revenues from the international market prove to be a saviour. At times which are turbulent, they might become the saviour in terms of profit. For example, poor growth and low profits in the domestic market in China were one of the main reasons that forced the Chinese company, TCL, to formulate a strategy with the aim of international growth and expansion. It has continued this global expansion strategy with new factories, new offices overseas and acquisitions with the aim of developing the positioning of its market particularly in the two markets for electronics goods, the European Union and the USA. Apart from opportunities such as new sales and profit expansion, global strat egies can take place because of various other reasons. Oil companies, for example, look for expansion with the objective of securing their resources, a strategy which can also be termed as resource seeking (Bellin and Pham, 2007). Industries such as clothing look for global expansion with th